All about toothpaste and its ingredients

 

Everybody's mouth is like a private ''zoo'' which contains one or more of many types of microorganisms. Among these organisms, especially  Streptococcus mutans, some create sticky plaque from food residue in the mouth. There, in the mouth, microorganisms feed on leftover food to make acid and volatile sulphur molecules. The volatile sulphur molecules give breath its foul odour while the acid eats into tooth enamel to create cavities.

Toothpaste works together with tooth brushing to clean teeth and remove the plaque and bacteria. Toothpastes can be defined as mild cosmetic detergents for cleaning teeth. Also known as dentifrices, toothpastes have chemical compounds that clean and polish the user's teeth. Dentifrices come in three forms namely, liquid, powder and paste. Pastes are the most popular of the three.

We are familiar with many brands of toothpastes. Examples are Colgate, Enamel Saver, Tom's of Maine, Mentadent, Crest, Aquafresh Whitening, AIM and Closeup. What are they made of? 

The five main ingredients of toothpastes are mild soap, abrasive, active ingredient,

10 Inspiring lessons from Aliko Dangote - richest man in Africa

 

Dangote, a Nigerian and the most richest African, attended Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt where he studied business studies.

Business studies generally involve theoretical, and perhaps also practical, coursework in how to manage a company, construct a business model and generally run a business. They may also involve the study of accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, marketing and/or supply chain management. 

One may probably say that Dangote would not have done so well in business as he has done if he had not gone to an Egyptian University to study business studies. But wait, there are many Nigerians who have studied the same course in Harvard University which was ranked the best University in the whole wide world. Many of them ended up as mere employees in poor firms.

Then, what were the secrets behind Dangote's success? The following are the top ten inspiring things I have learnt from Dangote:

1. Manufacture; don’t just trade

Dangote advised “Manufacture, don’t just trade. There is money in manufacturing even though it is capital intensive. To achieve a big breakthrough, I had to start manufacturing the same product I was trading on; which is commodities.”

2. Build a brand, and don’t destroy it
He also said “To succeed in business, you must build a brand and never destroy it. One competitive advantage I had when I ventured into manufacturing was my brand “Dangote,” which I diligently built in the course of my trading commodities.” 

3. Sell cheap, give quality and don’t kill the competition

Another saying by Dangote is “Don’t kill the competition. Competition is healthy for

How I make liquid soap

With a little amount of money, you can start liquid soap production. Liquid soap/detergent is a very strong cleaning agent which is more powerful than solid soap. Liquid soap can be used for laundry, dish washing, house cleaning, hand washing etc.

You Need These Equipment:

Mixer, weighing scale, graduated cylinder, stirrer

Chemical Reagents And Quantity Needed:

CDEA 500 grams

STPP 300 grams

Table salt (NaCl2) 75 grams

SLES 1 kg

Fragrance TO TASTE

Colourant TO TASTE

Water 8.5 liters

Procedure:

Measure out the required quantity of all the chemicals